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TRAPEZE 



1^ 



LONG HORSE 
AND ROPE 
EXEROSES 




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WILLIAM J. CROMIE 
Instructor in Gymnastics, University of Pennsylva ia. Pi iladelphia 



[Din ^ rE] 

' j j— j j — ' Si-Ai.DiNc; " Rkd Cover" Skiuks of j j— j j 

12 .__J Athletic Handbooks I . p 

U No. 14R. U 



TRAPEZE 

LONG HORSE AND 

ROPE 

EXERCISES 

By 

WILLIAM T. CROMIE 

J ^1 

Instructor in Gymnastics 
University of Pennsylvania 

if 

PUBLISHED BY 

n AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING (11 

LT l=n COMPANY fp. j — I 

IJ U I— ^ 45 j^osE Street, New York CZ II ZT] 

Copyright. 1920, by American Sports rubli^hing Company. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



C^-^rH^. 



\V 



C^ 



FOREWORD. 



THE trapeze is not 8o popular as in former 3^ears, 
on account of the many accidents tliat it is 
accredited to have caused. At one time it consti- 
tuted the almost universal definition of ''gymnas- 
tics," but with the years it has been relegated to the 
circus, and the flying rings have taken its place. 
Gymnastics have evolved from the circus-perform- 
ing "stunts,'' and we now have those exercises which 
are considered scientific, progressive, pleasing, ben- 
eficial and safe, and these have become a necessary 
and potent part of education. 

Kecognizing this fact, and realizing that the exer- 
cises now in vogue are designed for the masses, we 
ask the question, "What about the student who is 
not satisfied with doing the required work in col- 
lege, club or Y. M. C A., but who desires to try for 
a team or practice classical gymnastics?" It is with 
the thought in mind of assisting the progressive 
that these books on advanced gymnastics are com- 
piled. 

The trapeze has a more dignified place than the 
ash heap and circus tent, and should be accessible 
in our gymnasia to those who desire to work upon 
it. We would not willingly part with the experi- 
ence gained during lanky boyhood upon the dear old 
trapeze. It brings fond memories to us as we glance 
back through the years and see it swinging from a 

©CU565718 AHr^ cJ mu 



SPALDING'?! ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 8 

rafter in the old barn, in which there was a h)t of 
hay which we nsed for ^'sndden stops." Those ^'pos- 
"sible'' and ^'impossible" stunts certainly illustrated 
the joys of victory and the crushing sorrow\s of de- 
feat. And those clinging hay seeds, like the swim- 
mer's wet hair, were telltale marks revealing to 
anxious parents the nature of our hazardous pas- 
time. 

There are still a few barns in the rural districts, 
and this paper on the trapeze is a plea for ''the 
kids," who gather, not for vicious purposes, but 
through zest in competitive "stunts'' to prove who 
is "the leader of the gang." 

There were numerous accidents during the early 
days of the trapeze, and this was largely due to the 
fact that the performer had insufficient training, or 
else attempted exercises beyond his strength and 
skill. Every person cannot emulate the great per- 
former Leotard, the inventor of the trapeze, but 
one can become the master of most of the exercises 
illustrated in this book by being careful in the dif- 
ficult movements and by persistent effort. 

It is also hoped that there are suggestions herein 
contained that may prove helpful to members of 
those great "gangs" of inter-association, club, scho- 
lastic and collegiate institutions who are striving 
not alone to become leaders but champions as well. 

All the photographs in this book have been taken 
by Haeseler, photographer, Philadelphia. 

WILLIAM J. CROMIE. 




Position 1, 



Position 2. 

Figure 1. 



Position 3. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 1. 
M oiint. 



Hang as in Position 1, turn over backward, as in 
Position 2, and circle to front rest (Position 3). 

This is an easy way to mount to the front rest. 
It can also be performed while swinging. 




Position 1. 



Position ?. 

Figure 2. 



Position 3. 



SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 2. 

M o u n t . 

From a back hang, head downward (inverted 
hang), Position 1, arms straight, pull to Position 2, 
arms bent, and circle forward to a badv rest (Posi- 
tion 3). This exercise can be performed while 
swinging. 




Position 2. 

Figure 3. 



SPALDING'S ATULETIG LIBRARY. 9 

Figure 3. 
U ji s t art . Mo n nt. U p r i s e , 

From Position 1 flex thiglis, knees straight, arms 
straight (Position 2), upstart to front rest (Posi- 
tion 3). 

This exercise, although difficult from the stand as 
in figure, is easy if done at the end of the forward 
swing. 

From Position 2 snap the legs downward sharply, 
keeping legs and arms straight, and endeavor to 
^^kip" to Position 3. 

A drop upstart is begun at Position 3; drop to 
Position 2, then upstart to Position 3. 

At the end of the backward swing from Position 
3, drop or swing downward to a hang, and upstart 
at the end of forward swing. 

Swing in Position 1 and, without I)ending body, 
uprise at end of backward swing to Position 3. 




Position 1. 



Position 2. 

Figure 4. 



Position 3. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 4. 
H a H (J i n (J h y B o c k -s* . 

From Position 1, hanging by the hocks, swing 
head and arms back by a jerk; reach forward and 
grasp ropes or straps as in Position 2 ; then pull up 
as in Position 3. 

This is a very easy and favorite way of mounting 
to a sitting position on the trapeze. This is also per- 
formed in the swing. 




Position 1. 



Position 2. 



Figure 5. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKARYo 



Figure 5. 
Drop B a c k to Instep Hang. 

Sit upon the bar, resting almost on the liocks 
(Position 1) ; lean for-Avard a little, in order to hold 
balance ; then suddenly drop backward to an instep 
hang (Position 2). To get back to the sitting posi- 
tion, follow directions under Figure 4. Practice 
stationary, then in swing. 

It is quite effective if one drops backward from 
the sitting position to the instep hang during a big 




Position 1. 



Position 2. 

Figure 6. 



Position 3. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 



Figure 6. 

Lie on bar, as in Position 1 ; drop backward to 
hock hang, as in Position 2. Lie on buttocks, not 
on small of back. 

Drop backward from Position 1 to Position 2, 
then to Position 3. 

Lie on bar, as in Position i ; drop or slide back- 
ward to instep hang, as in Position 3. 




Position 1. 



Position "2. 

Figure 7. 



Position 3. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 



Figure 7. 
Back Upstart, 

The back upstart, or ''shifting upstart," is quite 
difficult, although when performed nicely it appears 
very simple. 

From Position 1, soles of feet underneath the bar, 
suddenly shoot the feet backwards and upwards, and, 
while the weight of the body is for the moment off 
the arms, take advantage of this relief by a quick 
shifting movement of the hands, bringing the arms 
up to the front of the bar. 

The legs by this time will again have dropped, 
and if one is quick he will have arrived in Position 2. 
A slight push and the exercise is completed (Posi- 
tion 3) . 

• It will be found easier to practice this with the 
reversed grip. 




Figure 8. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 8. 
Balance upon Neck, 

It is very necessary, in performing upon the 
trapeze, to be able to balance the body well and in 
various positions. Figure 8, while not very difficult 
to accomplish when the trapeze is still, is quite hard 
to hold the balance during the swing. 

The adjustable trapeze is the best, because it can 
be lowered. When it is near the floor it lessens the 
danger in balance and other difficult movements, and 
also helps the performer to master the exercise, as 
height tends to frighten one. 




Figure 9. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 



Figure 9. 
Balancing Upon One Foot. 

To balance as in Figure 9, trapeze stationary, 
stand on one foot, look at the rope in front, arms at 
side horizontal and stiff, which serves as a balancing 
pole. If the free leg is kept stiff it will also assist 
one in keeping the balance. 

In the swing this looks difficult and pretty. Get 
up a swing by swinging the free leg forward or 
backward. 

The swinging motion can be directed and con- 
trolled by the free leg, and as suddenly stopped by a 
reverse movement. 




Figure 10. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 



Figure 10. 

The Forward Balance. 

The forward balance, trapeze stationary, is more 
difficult than the preceding exercise. Stand as in 
Figure 10, knees bent slightly; lean forward from 
waist with arms held front. In case of a tendency to 
fall, grasp ropes and again get the balance. This is 
a very graceful exercise when performed during the 
swing. 




Figure 11. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 11. 

Hanging by Toes^ 

Grasp trapeze with hands, as in Figure 2, Position 
2, raise legs forward and hook toes on bar; release 
grasp and slowly lower body till in position of figure. 

Grasp bar, run and get a swing; repeat the above 
and hold Figure 13 during the swing. An effective 
dismount is to double up forward at end of back swing, 
as if to regrasp bar, release hold with toes, landing 
upon the feet. 

Lungers should be used in learning all dangerous 
exercises. 




Figure 12. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 



Figure 12. 

Hanging by Heels, 

Grasp the trapeze (Figure 1, Position 1) , put feet 
underneath bar and hook heels upon bar, lower the 
body slowly as in figure. The tendency to slip off is 
very great unless the legs are well bent at the knees. 

In the swing, hold tight with heels, and at end of 
front swing endeavor to raise body backward; release 
hold with heels, and alight upon feet. 




CO 

O 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAEY, 



Figure 13. 

Back Lever, 

The swinging back lever is very graceful and hard 
to hold at the proper angle (Figure 13). 

Practice the back lever with the trapeze stationary 
before attempting it in the swing. 

Keep the hands close together, as this gives the 
arms a tight hold upon the shoulder-blades. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 14. 
Swinging Front Lever. 

The swinging front lever is the most difficult lever 
performed upon the trapeze, except it might be the 
one-armed back lever swinging (Figure 13). Practice 
the front lever stationary before attempting the 
swing. 

The various levers performed upon the horizontal 
bar can also be done upon the trapeze. 



SPALDING-S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 



Figure 15. 
Back Fly aiv ay. 

The various flyaways make a neat form of dis- 
mounting, are popular with the spectator, but are 
dangerous in learning, unless proper assistance is 
secured. 

It does not require a very high swing in the fly- 
away. Swing as in Figure 15 and, when this posi- 
tion is reached, release grasp and turn a backward 
somersault to the mat. Do not turn over too far be- 
fore releasing the grasp, as one's feet are likely to 
strike the bar of the trapeze and result in an ugly 
fall 

Practice the turn as in figure a number of times 
before letting go, and wear lungers in the first few 
attempts. 

The back flyaway can also be performed at the 
end of the backward swing. 




1—1 
o 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 16. 
Forivard Flyaway, 

When in the position of Figure 16 release grasp, 
double up, try to grasp the insteps, and turn a front 
somersault to mat. For flyaways, ropes of about 
eight or ten feet in length are the best. 

The forward flyaway at the end of the forward 
swing is a very difficult piece of work, as is the back- 
ward back, because, unlike the rings, the bar is in 
one's way, but perseverance will master any and all 
of these. "Make haste slowly'' in all exercises in- 
volving risk. Secure assistance. Wear lungers in 
the various flyaways and all other exercises involving 
danger. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 



Exercises on the Lon^ Horse 

Figure 1. 

Straddle For iv ard. 

There are a great many exercises that can be per- 
formed on the long horse, such as vaults (front, rear, 
scissors and screw), with the various turns, that it 
would require a book to treat properly. The follow- 
ing illustrations will give a faint conception of what 
can be accomplished on the long horse. 

Run and jump from spring board (Position 1) to 
Position 2 (legs apart), and straddle off forwards 
to mat. 

Various turns after the straddle, such as the 
quarter, half, right and left, can be added. The 
backward straddle with the turn can also be per- 
formed. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 2. 

Scissors Backward. 

Run and jump from spring board (Position 1) as 
if about to straddle forward (Figure 1, Position 2), 
but instead turn as in Position 2 and scissors back- 
ward to mat. 

The scissors is performed by continuing the move- 
ment of the legs in Position 2, cutting off the hands, 
and alighting facing the horse. 




CO 
O 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41 



Figure 3. 

Squat Vault, 

Run; jump from spring board and squat vault; 
carry feet between hands to mat 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 



Figure 4. 

Roll forward as in figure to astride horse, then 
roll backward as in figure to mat. 

Roll forward to astride horse, scissors and roll off 
backward. 

Roll forward to straddle position, roll forward to 
mat. 

Roll forward to straddle position, hand or head 
spring off as in Figure 5. 




Pi 
O 



'Jl'ALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Figure 5. 

Run; jump from spring board to hand balance tc 
neck of horse as in figure. 

The same and dismount with squat between hands 
or straddle ofl to mat. 

Jump from spring board and hand spring (Fig- 
ure 5). 

Many other movements will suggest themselves, 
such as front, rear and screw vaults, with turns and 
combinations. 




Figure 1. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 

Exercises on the Vertical Rope 

The various ways of ascending and descending 
the vertical rope are excellent for physical develop- 
ment and also are very useful, because this knowl- 
edge may mean the saving of life. Everyone should 
be taught how to climb a rope and also to swim, in 
order to protect one's life in case of fire or accident 
or give aid to others. Rope climbing, like swimming, 
is a very tiresome exercise when done improperly, 
and the fault in both exercises is that the arms are 
used too much and the legs too little. 



Figure 1. 

Rope Climbing. 

Hand-over-Hand. 

Before attempting the hand-over-hand rope climb- 
ing one should practice the elementary forms of as- 
cending and descending the rope, using hands, thighs 
and feet. In hand-over-hand cHmbing (Figure 1) it 
means hard work; one reaches up and grasps the 
rope one hand after the other, each time pulling in 
toward the chest muscles. Commence by holding 
with the feet. While holding the rope by pressing 
the soles of both feet against it, reach up and take 
another grasp. Repeat this till up the required 
height. Descend by holding with the feet the same 
way. 




Figure 2. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 



Figure 2. 
The Stirrup Hold, 

In going up the rope hand over hand one must be 
careful at first and not overdo it, because there is al- 
ways a return trip. Some, who have more ambition 
than strength, are so exhausted when the top is 
reached that they can barely hold on, slide down and, 
for th'eir temerity, get badly torn hands and burnt 
fingers. 

When tired stop and, with rope between thighs, 
place the soles of both feet against rope and press 
tightly. Make a stirrup lock as in Figure 2, the rope 
passing under the sole of the left foot and over the 
toes of the same, placing right foot on top, and put- 
ting weight of body on rope, thus relieving strain on 
the armso 




Figure 3. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 



Figure 3. 

Taking Up Rope, 

Place the rope, of sufficient length to hold, over 
the shoulders and go up hand over hand, taking up 
the rope. An excellent exercise is to ascend and de- 
scend, holding various objects, such as a large medi- 
cine ball held between the feet or in one arm, etc. 

All these exercises may be performed while the 
rope is swinging, thus rendering them more difficult. 




Figure 4. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



53 



Figure 4. 
S it t i n g n Rope. 

From Figure 3, when enough loop is lowered, put 
leg through and sit as in Figure 4, holding rope be- 
tween chin and shoulder. 

There are various gymnastic climbing appliances, 
such as the vertical and incline pole, two poles side 
by side, about width of shoulders, turning incline 
pole, incline rope, knotted rope, rope ladder, etc., 
and all are very good, but the vertical rope used in 
these exercises is the- best. 

The cotton rope is better than the hemp, as one 
can get a better grip upon it and it does not splinter 
the hands. 




Figure 5. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55 



Figure 5. 
E an d Over Ha n d , Thighs Flexed. 

This is a rather difficult way of ascending the 
rope. Go up hand over hand, thighs flexed, legs 
straight and toes pointed. 

It is a good exercise for the abdominal muscles as 
well as the muscles of the upper part of the hod}^ 




Figure 6. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



57 



D c s c c n (I i n // U ' / ^ h out U s e of Ha )i d s . 

Desceiuling" the rope iu this fashion euabk^s oue 
to rest the arms and is more difficult than it ap- 
pears. Entwine the rope behind the left arm, 
around left leg, and hold it in position with the 
right foot. The feet regulate the speed of descent. 
It is easier if some one hoMs the lower end of the 
rope or a weight is attached- 




Figure 7. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. gg 



Figure 7. 

D c 8 c e n d i n g Head First. 

Descending head foremost without the use of the 
hands is not a very diflfieult feat^ still it looks a very 
daring and dangerous act. Circle backward from 
Figure 5 to an inverted hang (see Figure 7), pass- 
ing the rope from the left side under the right arm, 
across the body, around right leg, and over right 
instep, holding it with the left foot. The left foot 
regulates the descent. It is easier if some one holds 
the lower end of the rope or a weight is attached. 



li^'Cl 



xSTArrnXG-S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. d 



In etery gyinnasiiini wlierein advanced work is 
done upon the horizontal, high parallels, rings and 
trapeze, a pair of low parallel bars should be acces- 
sible, in order that the aspiring gymnast may prac- 
tice the hand balance, changing from one grasp to 
another, and the pirouette. There is no danger 
from falling at this height and it also accustoms 
one to the inverted position of the body. 

Caution. — In all exercises involving risk, seek 
assistance. 



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Those who wear them have told us they are durable and 
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CPALDING GYMNASTIC UNIFORMS have been used for 
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Why? Because the leaders of such organizations and insti- 
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them, thus eliminating friction between the director and his 
pupils or members. 

Why? Because the wearer is perfectly satisfied. 



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